- "Classical" Greek civilization - 800 BC
- New ideas: art forms, types of government
- Citizen participation in government
- City states traded and colonized along northern coast lands of the Mediterranean

Earliest Europeans:
- 4000 BC: farming and village life spread throughout the continent
- Building out of large stone - megalithic
- Evidence of plow

Barbarian Way of Life:
- Movement of people
- Different languages starting to be spoken
- Soldiers and charioteers were buried with their goods, in hope to be comrades and ride along with the gods
- Wives were buried next to husbands, so that she, also, could fulfill her duties in the afterlife
- Women went to war with men so that they could heal their wounds, feed them, and also make sure that the man would not coward and run off
- Some women even battled with the men
- Main business in life was farming
- Tribes formed
- Root word for barbarian - barbaros "non greek"
- By AD 1000, most European barbarians came into contact with civilization

Minoan Civilization:
- 2200 BC - Minoan arose from Aegean island of Crete
- Trade controlled by rulers
- Business records written in script
- From evidence of elegant jewelry and other objects, we can ell they were a wealthy, loving society
- Women played prominent roles
- Activities resembling modern day bull-fighting

Arrival of Greeks: Mycenaean Civilization:
- Found to be European barbarians
- Came under influence of Crete
- First site to be excavated in modern times
- Warlike people
- Leading warriors rode into war on horse drawn chariots
- Protection from massive walls
- Buried rulers in elegant underground chambers